Town reviews river permit

By James Robinson

Staff Writer

With a proffered permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in hand, the town may soon begin phase two of its river restoration project.

Town Manager Mark Garcia said he received the long- awaited permit Jan. 5, and is reviewing the document with project engineer Gary Lacy, of Boulder-based Recreation Engineering and Planning, before singing and sending it back to the Corps &emdash;and so far, so good.

"I'm really pleased with the permit language," Garcia said. "If I had seen this six months ago I'd be ecstatic."

The town had originally anticipated receiving a phase two permit in the fall of 2005, but Army Corps and Colorado Division of Wildlife concerns regarding the town's river work completed in the spring of 2005, led to string of Army Corps allegations, correspondences and protracted negotiations, culminating with a streamside meeting on past and proposed river work with town officials, Lacy and Army Corps Durango chief Kara Hellige.

At issue, Hellige said, was Lacy's use of grout to adhere boulders in the U-structure installed adjacent to The Springs resort, the town's removal and relocation of a U.S. Geological Survey gauging station, and an alleged raising of the flood stage upstream from the U-structure along with a variety of other permit violations.

Garcia has long refuted the Corps' assertions, and has stated the town operated within the bounds of the spring 2005 permit.

With the town's recent acquisition of the phase two proffered permit, it may seem many of the issues related to the 2005 work are behind them. However, a series of special conditions outlined in the proffered permit harken back to many of the Corps' prior concerns.

For example, the proffered permit mandates hydraulic modeling to determine pre- and post-construction calculations for shear stress and bankfull discharge. In addition, the town must commit to two monitoring programs. The first is a five year monitoring program to ensure the project does not raise the floodstage. The second is a three-year monitoring program analyzing, among other items, structure stability, water quality, and aquatic organism passage and macroinvertebrate habit. The permit also mandates minimal use of grout, and asserts that each U-drop structure will allow fish passage.

Garcia said he and Lacy had some concerns on the three-year monitoring program, and will ask the Corps for clarification and a sample of a similar monitoring plan to use as guide.

Shawn Zinzser, chief of the Intermountain Regulatory Section, Sacramento District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers explained the flow of events now that the town has a proffered permit.

First, he noted, a proffered permit is just that - proffered. Therefore, in order for the permit to become valid, the town must agree and adhere to the conditions before, during and after the project is complete. Furthermore, a proffered permit is not valid until both parties have signed. Therefore, in order to activate the permit, the town must accept the conditions, sign the document and return it to the Corps. Once Zinzser receives the signed document, he will then sign himself, making the permit active and valid. He will then return a copy to the town.

But that is just the start, and a valid permit doesn't mean the town can begin work immediately.

For example, one of the permit's conditions requires the town to submit detailed construction plans to the Corps and the Colorado Division of Wildlife 45 days prior to commencing construction. In addition, a subsequent condition requires the town to submit the three-year, U-structure monitoring plan 60 days before initiating construction.

Garcia said he hopes to negotiate a 45-day timetable for both procedures, but admitted that even 45 days offers a very narrow window of opportunity to get into the river and begin work before spring runoff.

Depending on when the document is signed - Garcia has not inked the permit yet - returned, and both parties have a copy in hand, that could put the town at mid-February. Then, the question remains whether Lacy will be available to perform the work.

According to Garcia, Lacy's scheduling is tight - Lacy's firm is currently involved in a number of projects, including the National Whitewater Center in Charlotte, N.C. However, if all the factors coalesce, there is a chance the town could get into the river in March, although, Garcia predicted little more than a two week work window between low flows and runoff.

Garcia said in light of permit and scheduling constraints, he might try to negotiate a phased approach with the Corps. Under the plan, rather than undertaking the entire project this spring, the town would submit the monitoring regimen to the Corps and Lacy would install one or two U-structures below the Town Park pedestrian bridge before runoff, with the rest of the work completed in November and December.

Whether the phased approach is a viable option this year, Garcia said, depends on the Corps' approval. If the Corps's denies the request, the town will undertake the entire project in November and December.

According to Garcia, phase two of the river restoration project includes installation of seven in-stream, U-shaped structures, bank stabilization and boulder clusters between the Hot Springs Boulevard bridge and the Apache Street bridge.

Garcia said the upstream portion of the project area, roughly between Hot Springs Boulevard bridge and the Sixth Street bend, is slated as a, "high impact, high use area" with structures designed primarily for whitewater users. Garcia said the features would be designed to provide wave diversity and function at varying flow rates.

"We'll have different features for different flows," Garcia said.

The lower portion, roughly between McCabe Creek and the Apache Street bridge, will be designed as a float through area, with random boulder clusters, deflectors and bank stabilization.

Garcia said the lower stretch, with its fish habitat structures and riparian revegetation should satisfy one permit condition which requires the town to rectify remaining issues with the Colorado Division of Wildlife and its "Fishing Is Fun Grant."

Mike Reid, a local Colorado Division of Wildlife Officer, explained the grant is a 20-year contract comprised of federal funds that are administered at the state level by the division of wildlife. When awarded, the grant funds are used to enhance fish habitat and fishing access.

During the town's spring 2005 river work, however, issues arose concerning whether the removal of a W-structure and it's replacement with a U-drop structure benefitted or degraded the fishery. With the town still bound by the terms of the grant contract, and more in-stream structures planned, Garcia said he hopes the habit improvements will satisfy the town's grant contract obligations. Garcia added that discussions with the division on the lower stretch as a habitat or "mitigation" stretch have been positive so far.

The permit states that any grant-related corrective measures must be approved by the division, although, Reid explained, that because the grant is comprised of federal funds, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will be part of the process as well.

According to Reid, Patt Dorsey of the division has been negotiating grant and permit issues with the town, although by press time, Dorsey was unable to be reached for comment.

LPEA boosting electric rates

By Chuck McGuire

Staff Writer

If your residence is on "the grid" and you've already received your January electric bill, you've probably noticed an increase in your basic rates. If your statement hasn't arrived just yet, be advised that, on average, your monthly power bills are now $5.05 higher than those of 2006.

Just as holiday revelers were raising glasses to the beginning of the new year, La Plata Electric Association, Inc. raised electric rates to its standard residential customers by an average of $0.008 per kilowatt-hour, or about 8 percent.

According to the LPEA Web site, rates actually climbed across the board, but specific increases depend on the rate classification of each residential, commercial and industrial customer. All told, LPEA's 2007 rate hikes average approximately 6 percent.

LPEA, and 43 sister co-ops in Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico and Nebraska, purchase wholesale electric power from Tri-State Generation & Transmission Association, Inc., and were, themselves, subject to a 12.8-percent boost in rates, also effective the first of the year. Apparently, Tri-State announced its increase in September and since, LPEA has tightened operating budgets in an effort to absorb at least some of the cost. Nevertheless, it says $4.4 million in additional funding is needed to maintain what it calls reliable electric service to its customers.

"Despite the best efforts of electric co-ops across the country to hold the line, the monthly electric bills are unfortunately heading up," said LPEA Chief Executive Officer Greg Munro.

Munro also explained that Tri-State is in the process of raising its rates to co-ops for a variety of reasons, the two most significant being the growing demand for power, and the need to construct new electric power generating stations to meet that demand. Tri-State spokesman Jim Van Someren acknowledged that bulk distribution rates to co-op members will rise over the next five years, but has not indicated how much.

Tri-State plans to spend $5 billion building three 700-megawatt, coal-fired power plants, two in western Kansas by 2013, and one in southeastern Colorado by 2020. When completed, the plants will primarily serve a growing demand for electricity from Front Range cities.

"When demand for electricity exceeds the supply generated by Tri-State, which is currently occurring, the company must purchase the needed power in the open market," explained Munro. "Just like any commodity, buying on the spot market is generally the most expensive option, and that supply is rapidly decreasing."

Munro further suggested Tri-State is playing "catch-up" as it attempts to build new plants, but Rick Gilliam of Boulder-based Western Resource Advocates disagrees.

"Tri-State doesn't have any solid justification for building even one of these plants," Gilliam said. "Clearly, Tri-State already has enough resources in its portfolio to meet projected growth. So, the co-op members have to ask themselves if it's worth such drastic rate increases to pay for something that's only needed for speculative load and that won't have any benefit for them."

WRA sites a recent economic study, "based largely on Tri-State's own data," in suggesting Tri-State members face rate increases of 64 to 80 percent over the next five years, in order to pay for the three plants.

"This is a huge increase for me and other customers to have to swallow for something we don't support," said Chris Calwell, a customer and ratepayer of Durango-based LPEA. "It's one thing to pay for new electricity that's necessary, but quite another to pay for something that's not."

In response to concerns, Van Someren said, "Tri-State effectively plans for the future. Those challenging these plans fundamentally dislike pulverized coal generation resources. Their issue is not with the cost of our plans, it is with the resources we pursue."

"We're in the business of keeping the lights on for our member systems and their consumers," said Tri-State executive vice president and general manager J.M. Shafer. "We've successfully carried out that mission for over 50 years. However, in order to continue to meet the ever-increasing demand for electricity, we have to invest now in additional generation and transmission resources. The demand for electricity has simply outgrown the capability of our existing facilities.

"Across our system we're experiencing an annual load growth of about 4 percent, which translates to 100 megawatts of added power needed every year," Shafer continued. "Our long-range forecasts project that trend to continue; we estimate the need for an additional 1,600 megawatts of power by 2020," he said.

Aside from suggesting Tri-State already has sufficient capacity to meet growing demands without additional plants, WRA insists, "Much of Tri-State's growth plans are speculative at best. Any growth in member demand that has occurred is not nearly as large as the company claims, and those increases can be characterized as suburban-type seasonal demand, which doesn't require additional baseload capacity from coal."

WRA also believes Tri-State's commitment to new coal-fired power is a huge financial risk, due to, among other things, rising costs for coal and rail delivery, and the likelihood of having to spend millions on controlling greenhouse gas pollution.

Meanwhile, public opposition is mounting, as protesters ranging from college students and longtime environmentalists to Kansas City area mothers crowding into public hearings, urge officials to deny state-issued permits that would allow construction of the proposed plants. Many suggest $5 billion could go a long way in developing cleaner alternative energy sources, such as wind, solar and biofuels.

Nevertheless, Tri-State is now engaged in the permitting process, preliminary planning and preparatory work for all three plants, as environmental studies and site acquisition efforts are ongoing for the Colorado site.

Currently, Tri-State owns 1,398 megawatts in coal-based generating facilities, 625 megawatts of natural gas and oil-fired generation, and approximately 1,100 megawatts of contracted capacity from hydroelectricity providers. It also wholly, or partially, owns and maintains more than 5,000 miles of high-voltage transmission line.

Only time will tell if Denver-based Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc. ever actually builds new coal-fired power plants, but one thing is certain - electric rates have just gone up, and will likely do so for at least the next five years - if Tri-State gets its way.

Arboles man perishes in Friday house fire

By Louis Sherman

Staff Writer

A home in Arboles located on County Road 500, near Navajo Lake, was engulfed in flames Friday, Jan. 12. The body of a resident was discovered in the structure and an arson investigation is underway.

Michael Dwaine Thompson, 54, was discovered dead at the scene, and was positively identified through dental records, said Archuleta County Coroner Karl Macht.

Macht ordered an autopsy Tuesday to ascertain the cause of death, and would say only that Thompson did not die of asphyxiation, and that other information would follow communication with the victim's family.

Thompson's wife, Janet, was not at the scene at the time of the fire, said Macht, but was staying with a relative.

The Los Piños Fire Protection District (LPFPD) received the call at 4:11 a.m., arrived at the scene at 4:30 a.m. and had the flames under control by 6 a.m. The Pagosa Area Fire Protection District dispatched two water tankers shortly after the original call, which arrived on the scene at 5:05 a.m - according to officials from both departments.

Macht said he arrived on scene around 6 a.m., after firefighters reported they found a victim inside the structure.

According to Macht, the house was "fully involved," with flames reaching 50 feet in the air. After his arrival, the fire was still active, though controlled, and there were occasional flare-ups as responders searched through the rubble.

La Plata Electric Association shut off electricity to the site to facilitate a safe search of the razed home.

Neighbors reported they heard explosions after the fire began and responders found evidence of home oxygen tanks, said Macht.

The tanks could have been a contributing cause to the fire, said Archuleta County Sheriff's Department investigator Carl Smith, but their impact on the fire cannot be determined conclusively until further investigation and analysis is completed.

Due to the level of destruction, it was difficult to determine the point of origin of the fire, and a Colorado Bureau of Investigation (CBI) arson dog team was called in to aid the investigation, said LPFPD representative Tom Aurnhammer.

According to Macht, the CBI dog team searched for evidence of accelerants and the dog "had several hits." Evidence of accelerants was also found by investigators sifting through the rubble. Investigators were "leaning toward arson" as a cause of the fire, said Macht.

But "the cause of the fire is still under investigation," said Aurnhammer, and no final determination has been made.

LPFPD, the sheriff's department and CBI are all involved in the investigation.

Smith said the sheriff's department was waiting for the final CBI arson analysis and report to determine the cause of the fire, and whether arson was involved. If an act of arson is confirmed, the sheriff's department will proceed with an investigation to identify the person or persons responsible.

Registration open for upcoming Basic EMT class

The EMS division of the Upper San Juan Health Services District (USJHSD) is jointly sponsoring an upcoming Basic Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-B) course.

The course (accredited through San Juan Technical College), will prepare the student to meet the requirements to be certified by the State of Colorado and the National Registry of EMT (NREMT). Students receiving their certifications will be qualified to begin a career in pre-hospital, emergent medicine - not only in Colorado, but nationally.

Registration is required by Feb. 10, with the course scheduled to begin in March.

The class, which meets two nights per week and one Saturday per month for about six months, includes classroom instruction, practical skills and hands-on clinical training.

Students should expect to leave the course with a better understanding of anatomy and physiology, a thorough understanding of ambulance operations, basic medical and trauma life support skills, and the legal and ethical issues involving pre-hospital, emergent medicine. Students will also receive a certification in provider CPR/AED operations. A valid driver's license, no felony convictions and a good attitude are course prerequisites.

Actual cost of the course is $900, with a scholarship from a State of Colorado grant available to pay for half that cost; all students qualify for the state grant making the cost of the course for each student $450.

For additional information, or to register for the course, contact Larry Escude at lescude@usjhd.org or by phone at 731-5811.

Subdivision sketch plan prompts controversy, questions

By James Robinson

Staff Writer

A developer's plans to carve a 163-acre parcel into 134 single-family residential lots north of downtown Pagosa Springs and adjacent to the Pagosa Hills subdivisions drew a standing room only crowd and strong criticism from attendees during a Jan. 9 town planning commission meeting.

Called Pradera Pointe, the project is bordered on the north and northeast by Cemetery Road and on the south and southwest by Pagosa Hills Number Four. As proposed during the Jan. 9 meeting, the project includes multiple tracts and lot sizes ranging from .25 acres to 3.99 acres, with lot prices from $75,000 to $300,000.

The project is in the sketch plan phase.

During his presentation to the planning commission, developer Bill Herebic of Monument, Colo., and one of the principals in the development firm Gazunga LLC, explained his motivations.

"I fell in love with the area last year while driving through," Herebic said.

And Herebic's statement evoked a sharp response from planning commissioner David Conrad.

"Do you want to make Pagosa look like Monument?" Conrad said.

"No," Herebic responded, "I like Pagosa just the way it is."

Herebic, Guiseppe Margiotta of Trinity Land Consultants and Mike Davis of Davis Engineering, outlined development plans for the vacant, forested parcel.

According to the sketch plan, the southern portion of the project area includes 32 quarter-acre lots clustered in three separate, long, 10- to 14- parcel tracts. Farther north, lot sizes increase, with the largest parcels focused on the far northern perimeter.

With an overall average density of .82 units per acre, Joe Nigg of the town's planning department, said the proposed development, in terms of density, was generally compatible with adjacent subdivisions. Many in the audience disagreed with Nigg's assertion. (Lot sizes in Pagosa Hills Number One range from .25 acres; lots in Pagosa Hills Two and Three from one acre; and lots in Pagosa Hills Four from one to two acres.)

Some called the proposed density "ridiculous," and took aim at the multiple rows of quarter-acre lots, asking the developer and the planning commission to consider removing, or at least reducing their number in the sketch plan.

Davis countered that the reason for the series of quarter acre lots was to meet "clustering" requirements outlined in the town's Comprehensive Plan and to deal with topography issues. Some in the audience countered that Herebic's clustering looked more like California tract housing. Davis said another contributing factor was "the bottom line in development."

Newly-appointed planning commissioner Angela Atkinson suggested reducing the clusters to groups of five or six lots rather than the nine- to 16-lot clusters shown on the map.

Others in the audience expressed concern about road impacts, and predicted Pike Drive, Fritz and Mable's Place and Rainbow Drive would face unprecedented traffic increases, roadbed degradation and intersection congestion - if they survived the initial damage done by heavy construction traffic.

If the project is approved, Rainbow Drive, Fritz and Mable's Place and Rainbow Drive will provide access routes both for construction traffic and residents once the development is complete. According to the developer, an emergency crash gate would limit access between Fritz and Mable's Place and Pradera Pointe.

Open space and wildlife issues also figured prominently in the discussion, and many were concerned that, although the ratio of open space to developed property may have been technically correct, the placement of open space was disingenuous at best.

On the map, open space appears largely along the perimeter, a placement which Davis called "buffering."

Herebic said the decision to focus on perimeter open space was intentional and that the areas constituted "meaningful open space" which could be used for wildlife viewing and bird watching.

Area resident Robin Auld challenged Herebic's assertion, and said the property in question provides a migratory corridor and wintering area for elk, and that the subdivision as proposed would destroy habitat and restrict the herd's movement. Auld presented photographs of the area's wintering elk to support his claims.

Planning commission chair Tracy Bunning questioned if the open space depicted on the perimeter was truly "usable" open space.

The developer has pledged to discuss wildlife issues with the Colorado Division of Wildlife (DOW), and Nigg said the DOW will weigh in on Pradera Pointe's preliminary plan.

After lengthy public comment, the planning commission moved to continue the sketch plan hearing to a later date. In the meantime, the planning commission asked Herebic to consider reductions in density, address public concerns regarding lot size, wildlife and open space issues, and to modify clustering to eliminate or reduce long, contiguous tracts of quarter-acre lots.

Herebic will present a revised sketch plan to the town planning commission at 5 p.m., Jan. 23 in town council chambers at Pagosa Springs Town Hall.

PAWSD water/wastewater rates to increase

By Chuck McGuire

Staff Writer

At its regular monthly meeting Jan. 9, the Pagosa Area Water and Sanitation District Board of Directors voted to approve higher rates for water and wastewater services, effective with the May/June meter-reading period. The board also agreed on a variety of other fee increases, which took effect immediately.

By the May/June meter reading, the monthly water service charge (per equivalent unit) will increase from $8 to $9, and volume charges (per 1,000 gallons) will increase as follows:

- 1 to 8,000 gallons usage will increase from $2.20 to $2.70.

- 8,001 to 20,000 gallons usage will increase from $4.45 to $5.15.

- Over 20,000 gallons usage will increase from $5.40 to $6.10.

During times of mandatory water conservation, an additional drought surcharge will be imposed. Again, rates are per 1,000 gallons, with charges reflecting total monthly use. The new rates are as follows:

- 0 to 8,000 gallons usage, no additional surcharge.

- 8,001 to 20,000 gallons usage will increase from $1.30 to $2.18.

- Over 20,000 gallons usage will not change, and remains $2.40.

The monthly service charge for wastewater system use (per equivalent unit) will increase from $18 to $20.

An equivalent unit is defined as a separate residential, multi-family residential or commercial space, such as a home, townhome, apartment, or commercial business, which requires connection to the district water and/or wastewater service. Individual residential properties are typically considered one equivalent unit, while a particular formula from the American Water Works Association is used in determining the number of equivalent units in a commercial property, depending on its nature and size.

Though PAWSD has embraced higher service fees this month, it will delay implementation until the end of the winter pro rata billing period. The pro rata billing period is a five-month time frame from November through March, during which water bills are based on the district-wide average monthly use of 4,000 gallons per household, rather than actual meter readings. Heavy snow accumulations during those months typically impede access to most meters, making readings difficult, if not impossible, to obtain.

In April, meters will again be read and billing adjustments made, depending on the difference between pro rata and actual uses. In other words, those having used more than 20,000 gallons over the five-month period will see an additional charge (per 1,000 gallons) on their May statement, while those using less will receive a credit based on a similar rate.

As mentioned, the new service rates take effect in the May/June meter-reading period, with likely increases appearing on consumers' statements in early July.

Other fee increases approved and imposed immediately by the PAWSD board include:

- Standard single-family water meter and 4-inch wastewater connection went from $1,105 to $1,325 per connection.

- Standard single-family water connection went from $820 to $970 per connection.

- Meter turn-on/turn-off fee (when turned off for account nonpayment) went from $25 to $34.

- After hours (4:30 p.m. to 8 a.m.) non-emergency water turn-on/turn-off fee went from $32 to $43.

- Water inclusion fee went from $3,459 to $3,827.

- Wastewater inclusion fee went from $2,586 to $2,692.

Other fees, which may or may not apply to the connection, disconnection, new construction or availability of water and wastewater services, remain unchanged. For a complete list of services and applicable fees, or for answers to questions regarding the new water and wastewater rates and how they will affect monthly billing, district residents should visit PAWSD at 100 Lyn Avenue, Pagosa Springs. The phone number is 731-2691, and the Web site is www.pawsd.org.

As the Pagosa Area Water and Sanitation District grows, so does the demand for water and wastewater services. Though per capita water usage has actually decreased in recent years, more people are collectively using more water. This not only heightens the demand for raw water, it increases the burden on treatment, costing everyone in the district more money for services.

At a time when the cost of virtually everything is rising, wise water use can actually reduce monthly bills. Even with higher rates, when consumers consciously conserve, they typically pay less for drinking water. Following, are a few proven methods of reducing water waste:

- Inspect all pipes, faucets and toilets for leaks. Place a few drops of food coloring in the toilet tank and wait 15 minutes. If coloring appears in the bowl, there is a leak. Make necessary repairs immediately.

- Install low-volume toilets and showerheads, or place a one-quart (or liter) plastic container in the toilet tank to reduce the amount of water used with each flush. To anchor the bottle, fill it partially with sand or small stones.

- Turn off the tap while shaving or brushing teeth, and take shorter showers.

- Load the washing machine and automatic dishwasher to capacity before use.

- Place a pitcher of drinking water in the refrigerator to avoid running the tap.

- Landscape with low-water plants and rock gardens to reduce groomed lawn areas.

- Instead of the hose, use a broom to clean sidewalks or the driveway.

- Adjust sprinklers to water only the lawn and not the house, sidewalk or street.

- Water the lawn early in the morning, not midday, and never water on windy days.

- If the local car wash recycles water, wash the car there. If not, use soap, water and a bucket, and attach a shut-off nozzle to the hose for a quick final rinse.

For additional information regarding water conservation and beneficial landscaping techniques, including booklets and brochures, contact PAWSD at the above address, phone number or Web site.

BoCC January schedule

Following is the Board of County Commissioners' schedule for the remainder of January.

All meetings are held in the commissioner meeting room at the county courthouse, unless otherwise noted.

- Jan. 23, 1:30 p.m. - BoCC regular meeting, location to be posted.

- Jan. 30, 2 p.m. - BoCC agenda review work session.

- Jan. 30, 7 p.m. - BoCC public "county hall" meeting. Come and meet with the board for a discussion of county issues.

USFS adds to list of road closures

As of Jan. 12, the following roads on the Pagosa Ranger District are closed by snow or have been gated and locked:

Mill Creek Road, No. 662.

Black Mountain, No. 661.

Blanco River, No. 656.

Blue Creek, No. 012.

Buckles Lake, No. 663.

Castle Creek, No. 660.

Devil Creek, No. 627.

Devil Mountain, No. 626.

East Fork, No. 667.

Eight Mile Mesa No. 651.

First Fork, No. 622.

Jackson Mountain, No. 037.

Kenney Flats, No. 006.

Lefthand Canyon, No. 024.

Lower Piedra, No. 621.

Middle Fork, No. 636.

Monument Park East and West, No. 630.

Mosca, No. 631.

Nipple Mountain above Echo, No. 665.

Plumtaw, lower and upper, No. 634.

Price Lakes, No. 731.

Snowball, No. 646.

Trail Ridge, No. 639.

Turkey Creek, No. 647.

Turkey Springs, lower and upper, No. 629.

Valle Seco, lower and upper, No. 653.

West Fork, No. 648.

Willow Draw, No. 722.

Roads that are still open, but subject to close due to weather and road conditions are:

Burns Canyon, No. 649.

Echo Canyon, No. 029.

Mill Creek, No. 662.

Nipple Mountain, below Echo, No. 665.

Williams Creek, No. 722.

Pagosa student selected for week in Washington DC

Area high school students Kailee Kenyon, Caleb Flint and Roger LeFevre have been selected to participate in the National Rural Electric Youth Tour to Washington D.C. hosted by La Plata Electric Association and The National Rural Electric Cooperative Association.

Students applying for the youth tour completed an application and penned a 500 word essay on any aspect of the electric industry. Their efforts were judged anonymously by an independent committee. The opportunity to participate in the DC Youth Tour is open to all area high school juniors who receive their electric power from La Plata Electric Association.

A junior at Pagosa Springs High School, Kenyon is thinking about tomorrow, writing, "Creating a way to produce energy efficiently is one of the main goals for the future. I want to be an electrical engineer so that I can help in the process of coming up with a way to make energy work for us. I want to be part of the future."

Flint, a junior from Bayfield High School, wrote, "At the sound of incessant beeping, you wake up, reach over, and hit the snooze button on your alarm clock. Crawling out of bed, you make your way to the door and hit the light switch, which illuminates your room. As you stumble into the kitchen, you open the fridge and pull out your favorite breakfast food. Although most people take it for granted, each of these everyday actions require one very important, crucial element: electricity."

LeFevre, also a junior at Bayfield High, incorporated the arrival of electricity to Durango into an inventive short story: "'Those lights ain't be nuttin' but trouble,' Richard said to the banker, 'if them gas lights aren't broken, then why be fixen' em?' The First National Bank in Durango, was well known for its good support of its community, but on this subject the teller disagreed. 'The electric lights are safer,' the teller argued politely."

Kenyon, Flint and LeFevre will join juniors from LPEA's sister electric co-ops across Colorado for this once-in-a-lifetime trip, set for June 7-14. The schedule includes an intimate look at the nation's capitol and government from the inside. Students will explore issues surrounding the electric industry as well as discuss current concerns with national and state Congressional representatives. Plenty of time for social activities is also part of the agenda.

To review the complete essays of the winning Youth Tour applicants, visit the LPEA Web site, www.lpea.coop.

Applications for the 2008 Washington D.C. Youth Tour will be available in November 2007 through La Plata Electric or area high school counselors.

For further information, contact Suzy Bynum, (970) 382-3506, or sbynum@lpea.coop.

Passport laws changing Jan. 23

New passport laws go into effect Jan. 23 and will require all Americans, and foreign nationals, to now have passports when traveling by air, and going to or from the U.S. and nearby countries, such as Canada and Mexico, the Americas, and Caribbean destinations.

Many larger post offices, including Denver, Colorado Springs and over 100 post offices in Colorado and Wyoming, regularly offer passport application service, including the post office on Hot Springs Boulevard, in Pagosa Springs - which the USPS reports keeps passport processing and photo hours from 10 a.m.-3 p.m. Monday through Friday.

Call 1-800-ASK-USPS (1-800-275-8777) or go to USPS.com to find other passport post offices and service hours. You can save time by downloading and completing your passport application forms before going to the post office.

The Post Office recommends bringing the following items, to save you time and convenience, and to help your passport application process with the post office go very smoothly:

- Bring proper proof of American citizenship. This must be either: a certified birth certificate issued by the city, county or state; a previous U.S. passport; a certificate of citizenship; or a naturalization certificate. (Note: a hospital-issued birth certificate alone is not acceptable.)

- Bring proof of identity. This must be either: a previous U.S. passport; a naturalization certificate; a certificate of citizenship; or a current valid driver's license, government ID or military photo ID.

- The passport application requires two recent identical photographs. If you don't have photos, photo services will be available for $15 for each application payable to the post office.

- To save time, you can download a passport application at USPS.com/passport and complete it before going to the post office. Passport applications must be made in person and cannot be made online.

Passport fees: $97 total for adults (16 years and older), with separate payments of $30 to the Postal Service for its processing fee and $67 paid to the Department of State for the passport application fee. For persons under 16, total cost is $82 with separate payments of $30 to the Postal Service for its processing fee and $52 to the Department of State for the passport application fee. If you need your passport in less than 6 weeks, your application can be expedited for an additional $60 fee for each application, payable to the Department of State. Two-way overnight delivery is strongly encouraged. In such cases, the applicant pays overnight (Express Mail service) delivery costs to the U.S. Postal Service.

County to hold open houses on new facility alternatives

Archuleta County staff will hold two evening workshops in order to gain public input on a new County Justice Center and Government Center.

Workshops will take place Thursday, Jan. 18, at the county courthouse and Thursday, Jan. 25, at the PLPOA Clubhouse. Both will begin at 6 p.m..

As the board of county commissioners considers the sale of the current courthouse and jail property at 449 San Juan St., the members must also consider alternatives for future county facility locations. The workshops provide a mechanism for the board to receive public input on the different alternatives prior to making a decision.

The workshops will be an open house format, allowing an informal atmosphere for members of the public to visit at their leisure. Alternatives will be displayed on the walls around the room, accompanied by comment sheets.

There will be a short presentation by staff at 6 p.m., which will provide an overview of the history and need for this project. After this, until 8 p.m., staff will be on hand to answer questions, discuss options and take comments. All comments will be provided to the board of county commissioners prior to any decision making.

Archuleta County staff and the board of commissioners hope for high attendance and much feedback from these workshops since this issue will affect all citizens in the county and the future of Archuleta County Government.

For more information, visit www.archuletacounty.org, Special Projects, Facilities or, if you are unable to attend one of the workshops, call 264-8300 to comment. Comments will be received until Jan. 26.

Water conservancy district gets first OK on grant request

The San Juan Water Conservancy District (SJWCD) has announced that the Southwest Basins Roundtable members unanimously voted to approve the district's $1 million grant application at a Jan. 10 meeting in Cortez.

Of the applications submitted, the SJWCD's was the only one recommended for state consideration at this time. The application will now go to the Colorado Water Conservation Board (CWCB) for consideration at a March meeting in Canon City.

If the grant is funded, the money is earmarked for land acquisition costs related to the proposed Dry Gulch Reservoir.

Although the CWCB decision is pending, it is important to note that without electorate approval of the SJWCD's de-Brucing issue on the November ballot, the District would not have been able to receive grant monies under Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR) restrictions.

In June 2005, then-Gov. Bill Owens signed legislation introduced by Sen. Jim Isgar and Rep. Josh Perry known as the "Colorado Water for the 21st Century Act" (HB 1177). The Act established nine roundtables, representing the state's eight river basins plus Denver-metro, tasked with negotiating interbasin water issues. The goal is to get water users from throughout the state to come to the table to solve water-related issues. The Act also established the Interbasin Compact Committee (IBCC), which is made up of members of the Basin Roundtables and officials appointed by the governor and legislators.

In 2006, Senate Bill 179 established $40 million available for statewide water-related projects until 2009. The CWCB administers these funds under two accounts - a State Account ($31 million) and Basin Accounts ($9 million; $1 million per Roundtable) both to be used to fund water activities on a competitive basis.

The Southwest Basins Roundtable, which has 35 members representing various governmental and water interests such as the SJWCD, has set a funding limit of $100,000 per project for their Basin fund. Funding requests greater than $100,000, such as the SJWCD application, first must be approved by the Southwest Basins Roundtable, then considered by the CWCB in competition with other applications throughout the state.

February deadline for inclusion in Farm Fresh Directory

Colorado growers can market their products to consumers statewide through the Colorado Farm Fresh Directory.

Listings are being accepted for the 2007 edition, which the Colorado Department of Agriculture publishes annually to promote Colorado farmers' markets, roadside stands, agritourism activities and farms that sell direct to the public.

"The Farm Fresh Directory is a great way for Colorado growers to direct market their products," said Wendy White, marketing specialist at the Colorado Department of Agriculture. "It is one of our most popular publications and consumers look forward to the new edition every year."

The fee to be included in the directory is $25 and the deadline is Feb. 16. Listing forms are available at Colorado State University Cooperative Extension offices, by calling the Colorado Department of Agriculture at (303) 239-4115 or by visiting www.coloradoagriculture.com.

The directory will be available in June and is free to consumers. Nearly 90,000 copies of the publication will be distributed through libraries, extension offices, bookstores, farmers' markets, welcome centers, chambers of commerce and home milk delivery services.

In addition to the printed directory, the 2007 Farm Fresh Directory will also be available on the Internet. This is the 23rd edition of the directory.

For more information, call (303) 239-4115 or visit www.coloradoagriculture.com.

Humane Society - fact and fiction

By Linda Lawrie

Humane Society of Pagosa Springs

Special to The SUN

It is amazing, some of the ideas you hear when you are out and about talking with people. Where the Humane Society is involved, we would like to try to set the record straight.

Who knows, these answers may appear in the next "Pagosa Trivia."

Fact or fiction?

1. "Don't surrender your dog or cat to the Society; he/she will be euthanized after XX days."

Fiction: We are not a city or county pound. According to our policies, no animal will be euthanized after any amount of time or due to crowding in the shelter. Only vicious or medically untreatable animals are euthanized. With medically untreatable animals, we can sometimes find hospice care.

2. "The Society is wasting money buying and feeding expensive Science Diet® to the shelter dogs."

Part fiction/part fact: The Hills Company has a Shelter Partnership Program with many shelters and Pagosa Springs is part of that program. They donate Science Diet dry food to us for the cost of shipping. It is true that the shelter dogs and cats are fed Science Diet unless there is some medical reason (such as allergies). The Hills Company will also give us a discount on their special diet foods (such as those for allergies).

3. "You seem to advertise for businesses by giving away free samples: Kongs, Kitty Litter, Science Diet®."

Part fact/part fiction: Many companies hope that free samples of their product will help their future sales. From our point of view, giving free food samples and kitty litter has an extra benefit. If you want to change an animal's food, it should be done over a period of time - the 5-pound bag of pet food allows the new adopter to gradually change the animal's food if they want to feed a different food. Likewise, using the same litter as the shelter will give a familiar smell to cats/kittens in the new home.

4. "When there are too many dogs in the shelter, they are transferred out of the area."

Fact: Yes, this is true. We're a small community and can't always support demand for the number of dogs that end up in the shelter. We transfer dogs primarily to two organizations: Denver Dumb Friends League and Humane Society of Boulder Valley. Many more people are looking to adopt animals in those locales. In addition, they have similar rules about euthanizing animals as well as spay/neuter rules prior to adoption. These two organizations will contact us if they should find the transferred animals to be unadoptable.

5. "Of course, you're a pound - dogs that are impounded are taken to you."

Fiction: The reason that dogs are picked up by animal control and taken to the humane society's shelter is due to contracts that the Society has with both the Town of Pagosa Springs and Archuleta County. The town and county have the regulations and impose fines. In fact, when animals are redeemed from the shelter, the Society repays the town and county those fees.

6. "The thrift store makes so much money, the Humane Society doesn't need any more."

Fiction: Oh, do we wish that were true - that we were a self-sufficient business. Instead we are a non-profit, 501c3 charitable organization. Our funding to operate the shelter comes primarily from thrift store revenues, charitable donations, fund-raising and contracts with the town and county. The thrift store is successful, but it alone cannot offset the losses at the shelter. (If you wish to examine our books, make an appointment with the administration office.)

7. "You've been talking about a new shelter for years. When will it be built?"

Fact: Yes, the idea of a new shelter has been in the works for several years. Unfortunately, as much as people love animals in Archuleta County, our fund-raising pales next to funds raised for "people" things. A new impetus for the shelter has been given with PAWS' need for our property at Stevens Lake. Humane Society plans for a new shelter were presented in the May 11, 2006, edition of The SUN. The article also addresses the necessity of a new shelter.

8. "Didn't Archuleta County give you land for a new shelter?"

Fiction: The land designated for the new shelter (on Cloman Boulevard) was purchased from BLM with funds from two donors. The Aug. 3, 2000 SUN has a specific article on the land acquisition. Several other issues also talk about the BLM land.

9. "Aren't you making money on the adoption fees?"

Fiction: Not at all. Most dogs and cats come into the shelter unaltered. The cost of spaying or neutering would consume most of the adoption fee ($65 dogs, $30 cats). In addition, the animals receive vaccinations, micro-chipping, and a free veterinary checkup within the first week of adoption, not counting feed and daily care while the animal is at the shelter. The adoption fee is quite a deal compared to the expenditure (minimum: $133 dogs, $118 cats). Shelters in larger communities typically have much higher adoption fees.

10. "My dog was picked up by animal control and taken to the shelter last night. Why do I have to pay to get it out?"

Fact: It's the law. The agreement with the county and town impose the fees that we must charge the owner. Animal control and peace officers will first try to return the dog to the owner (if it is wearing collar and tags). Only as a last resort is the animal brought to the shelter (or if the animal is frequently running at large).

I hope this article has cleared up some of the confusion one might hear in conversation.

Our administrative office (264-5549) is willing to answer any questions you might have. Our board of directors (all volunteers) meets the third Tuesday of every month (except December) at 5:30 p.m. at the Thrift Store.

Moreover, we all follow our mission statement: "To provide a safe haven for animals in need, to promote adoptions, to reunite lost animals with their owners and to humanely reduce the pet overpopulation through community education and aggressive spay/neuter programs."

Region's Nordic ski clubs express thanks to ski area

By Mark Seaton

Special to The SUN

Nordic ski clubs from Alamosa to Durango gathered Monday, Jan. 15, to recognize the Wolf Creek Ski Area for grooming the Wolf Creek Nordic ski trail over the past 30 years.

Members from the Durango Nordic Club, Pine Valley Nordic Club, Pagosa's San Juan Outdoor Club, Pagosa's Gray Wolves, Creede's Upper Rio Grande Nordic Club, and the SLV's San Juan Nordic Club presented Wolf Creek's Davey and Todd Pitcher with a plaque and a cheese/wine basket, thanking the ski area for its generous contributions to the Nordic ski community over several decades.

Gale Tuggle, a Pagosa Springs regular on the Nordic trail, stated, "A few clubs wanted to thank the ski area for all the work they have committed to the Nordic trail and it quickly snowballed into a regional effort."

Rick Schnaderbeck, of Monte Vista, recalled grooming the trail with the late Dick Boyce using old double-track Ski-Doos and added that the ski area has easily done 95 percent of the grooming over the years, at considerable expense of snow-cat maintenance, fuel and staff time.

The Nordic trail is located on the east side of the Continental Divide and meanders across fen wetlands, which are openings in the forest too wet to support trees, and down old Forest Service logging roads.

John Gilbert, of Durango, who uses the Nordic trail to train for winter biathlons, commented that, "Nordic skiers from Flagstaff to Albuquerque to Denver have benefited from Wolf Creek's generosity and we all just wanted to say 'thanks.'"

Representatives from the ski clubs declined comment when asked how a recent move by developer Red McCombs has prevented access to historic portions of ski trail and expressed their desire to keep the day positive and focused on the good things the Wolf Creek Ski Area has done for Nordic skiing.

Grants available for local conservation efforts

By Cynthia Purcell

Special to The SUN

The San Juan Conservation District announces a new program, "Conservation Helping Hand."

Are you interested in implementing a conservation practice on your property, but need help with the cost? The district will be awarding grants to pay for 50 percent of your project, up to $3,500.

Conservation practices to promote the use of planned grazing systems, more efficient irrigation systems, improved riparian area conditions, and rangeland/woodland productivity and plant diversity that will benefit both livestock and wildlife will be considered.

The district will accept applications until March 30. Applications will be reviewed by the elected board members and prioritized based on the targeted resource concern, environmental benefits and cost of implementation. Winners will be notified by April 9. All projects must be completed by Sept. 1, 2007.

Technical assistance will be provided by the NRCS and all approved projects must meet NRCS Standards and Specifics.

Durango RMEF to hold fund-raiser

The Durango chapter of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation will hold its annual fund-raising banquet and auction at 4:30 p.m. Jan. 27 at the Sky Ute Pavilion in Ignacio.

There will be an excellent selection of artwork, firearms and merchandise to win. Tickets are limited, so purchase them early for this family-friendly event.

Call 259-9339 for tickets or more information on the event. The RMEF is a non-profit organization whose mission is to ensure the future of elk, other wildlife and their habitat.

'The Great Warming' debuts

The Southwest Organization for Sustainability (SOS) is sponsoring a screening of the film, "The Great Warming," at 7 p.m. Friday, Jan. 26, at the UU Fellowship Hall, with a free 2 p.m. matinee viewing Monday, Jan. 29, at the Liberty Theatre.

Narrated by international stars Keanu Reeves and Alanis Morissette, "The Great Warming" is considered by many to be the most factually accurate, visually stunning and wide-ranging production ever mounted about this complex subject. Filmed in eight countries on four continents and endorsed by many of the world's leading scientists, it has been called "the best film about global warming ever shot."

The film, which taps into the growing groundswell of public interest in the topic, sweeps around the world to reveal how a changing climate is affecting the lives of people everywhere. The film goes beyond other climate change documentaries, however, to look at realistic solutions, technologies and actions which can help reduce the impact of global warming.

SOS sponsors a quarterly environmental cinema series, of which "The Great Warming" is the first for 2007. Donations are welcome and encouraged for both events.

For more information, contact Denise Rue-Pastin at 946-9024.

Walk-in hunting access meeting in Bayfield

Rural landowners from the areas around Pagosa Springs, Arboles, Bayfield, Ignacio and Durango are invited to attend a meeting about a new hunter-access program, hosted by the Colorado Division of Wildlife.

This meeting is specifically geared toward landowners who are interested in allowing public access to their lands for spring turkey hunting. Landowners who offer or who are interested in offering fall waterfowl hunting access are also invited to attend.

The meeting will be at 6 p.m. Jan. 25 at the Lavenia McCoy Public Library, 395 Center Drive in Bayfield. The meeting will address only issues that are related to landowners.

At the meeting, officers from the Division of Wildlife will explain the agency's Walk-in Access Program, a statewide effort to open private land to public hunters. The walk-in program has been in place for many years on Colorado's eastern plains and has been popular with landowners and hunters. Landowners support the program and 90 percent of them reapply to be included year after year.

On the eastern plains, private landowners allow hunters access to hundreds of thousands of acres of land. While most of the land in southwest Colorado is publicly owned, thousands of acres of private property are located in prime wildlife habitat.

Property owners who participate in the program are eligible to earn from $5 to $20 per acre depending on the amount of property available for hunting. Enrolled properties are clearly marked with Division of Wildlife "Walk-in Access" signs. Property locations are published in a walk-in atlas produced by the DOW. Landowners are not identified in the atlas. Access for hunters to enrolled properties is by foot only. No vehicles or horses are permitted.

One benefit of the program is that landowners who are enrolled report a decline in trespass problems.

Landowners who cannot attend the meeting but who are interested should contact the Durango area office to speak to their local wildlife officer: 247-0855.

Colorado Trout Unlimited seeks students for camp program

Colorado Trout Unlimited (CTU), a nonprofit organization dedicated to conserving, protecting and restoring Colorado's coldwater fisheries, is now accepting applications from students ages 14 to 18 for its Rivers Conservation and Fly Fishing Youth Camp.

The camp, which is scheduled June 10 -16 at the Peace Ranch near Basalt, is designed to educate students on the importance of coldwater conservation and provide hands-on fly-fishing instruction.

The Rivers Conservation and Fly Fishing Youth Camp is limited to 20 students who will be selected based on their qualifications and a written essay on why they would like to attend the camp. To qualify, students must have been born between June 23, 1988, and June 18, 1993.

"The selection process for this elite camp will be quite rigorous as we seek students who not only exemplify an interest in fly fishing, but demonstrate leadership, community service and dedication as well," said Shawn Bratt, a Colorado Trout Unlimited spokesman. "By selecting the high school leaders of today, we believe they will be our community leaders for years to come. It's important for these students to understand the value of clean water and how it relates to our everyday lives. The youth fishing camp curriculum will help provide the foundation for that education."

Colorado Trout Unlimited chapters around the state will select and partner with students in their areas before, during and after the camp. Following the camp, all participants will work on a local conservation or education project with their chapter, applying what they've learned to the waters in their community.

"We think it is especially important that our work with these young people is not limited to the one-week camp itself," said CTU Executive Director David Nickum. "By fostering a relationship with their local chapters on a conservation project, we hope to give the students a chance to deepen their education and apply what they are learning in a way that makes a difference right in their own communities."

The camp will be hosted by the CTU Ferdinand Hayden chapter, located in the Roaring Fork Valley. The Beattie family has donated the use of Peace Ranch for this year's camp. The ranch is located three miles above the Frying Pan River, just five miles from the town of Basalt. The 600-acre ranch has six acres of trout-filled still water, fed by Taylor Creek. Students will live in their classroom during the camp, surrounded by some of the best trout waters in the West.

Camp classes will include: principles of ecology, hydrogeology, aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate sampling, hydrology, trout behavior, trout stream entomology, the biology of pollution, acid deposition, and politics of conservation and human effects on the Rocky Mountains. In addition, the camp will include hands-on fishing classes such as fly tying, fly casting, streamside ethics, angling literature, streamside botany, wader safety and survival, and the evolution of an angler. Students will also participate in a watershed project to repair habitat in a nearby stream.

The CTU Rivers Conservation and Fly Fishing Youth Camp includes faculty from various environmental fields and state agencies such as the Colorado Division of Wildlife and U.S. Forest Service.

Cost to attend the six-day camp is $375. Applications are available online at www.cotrout.org and must be received by March 15, 2007. For more information, or to download an application, visit www.cotrout.org or contact Larry Quilling at (303) 543-0939.

By James Robinson

Staff Writer

No column this week.

By Chuck McGuire

SUN Columnist

No column this week.

Spoil the beauty

Dear Editor:

I would like to bring to your attention a bizarre encounter I had with the two Archuleta County sheriff deputies last week. I am bringing this situation to the attention of the local residents and public because it impacts the way other residents, visitors and business owners view Archuleta County.

I was stopped at around 10:45 p.m., Wednesday, Jan. 3, as I was leaving the Pine Ridge Residential Care facility. There was no other vehicle on the road except a deputy sheriff going in the opposite direction on Bastille. I came to a full stop at the corner of Bastille and North Pagosa Boulevard. I made a right turn and proceeded to get in the left lane to make a turn onto U.S. 160 after the light changed and head to my sister's home on Majestic Drive. I no sooner made my left turn on the green arrow when I was pulled over by the same deputy who passed me on Bastille.

The cop got out and said, "You did not use your turn signal twice." Before I knew it a back-up deputy shows up. Keep in mind the streets were deserted.

No alcohol, no drugs, no cause to stop me other than not turning on a signal. I was in a rented late model SUV. My seat belt was fastened.

The two deputies asked where I was going and where I had been. I explained that I had been traveling all day to visit my mother who was semi comatose the day before and may not make it through the night. I got a zero response from the cops, other than a condescending, "You must be tired."

The point that is disturbing is the male cop and his female back-up had ice in their veins and never once acknowledged the fact that I had a relative that was in a critical state. My son was in the car and my sister who is a resident of Pagosa Springs was in the car and all of us were flabbergasted and thought someone was going to pop up and say, "You are on candid camera."

Let this be a notice that the local county sheriff should train their staff better. It paints Pagosa with a terrible image when the cops stop people for not using a turn signal after a tough day and display no compassion for the obvious. Shame on the two cops that had nothing better to do. I am sure you do not want Pagosa to have a reputation for such ineptness on the part of their civil servants.

Further, I question if it is against the Colorado motor vehicle code to not use a turn signal.

You have such a beautiful county and beautiful people. I would hate to see the local cops spoil the that beauty.

Rob Anderson

Benicia, Calif.

Editor's note: Colorado law requires use of the turn signal.

Our support

Dear Editor:

I am in my upper 70s, therefore, I have lived through 13 presidents and several changes in the leadership of Congress. I am a moderate and practicing Christian of the Catholic faith. I have been married 43 years and have two sons and five grandchildren. I fought in the Korean and Vietnam wars.

When first we invaded Afghanistan, a friend asked me what I thought. My response was that we may open a can of worms. Well, the can is open and the worms are out. The question now is what do we do about it. Do we cut and run or finish the job? This is a struggle between two ideologies brewing in our society today.

I remember vividly the attack on Pearl Harbor and a president's call to declare war. Although woefully unprepared we went to war, demanding unconditional surrender. We performed saturation bombing in Europe and dropped atom bombs on Japan. We worried about collateral damage, but it was necessary. The world knew we meant to win and we achieved unconditional surrender. In doing so, we saved Europe, Scandinavia, Russia and Britain. Remember the song about not coming home 'till it's over, over there? Then we pitched in and helped to rebuild.

Another president committed us in defense of South Korea even though we were unprepared. That "police action" did not have a goal of unconditional surrender. We "blinked" and a great American military leader who wanted to win was relieved and we accepted less. I recall a presidential candidate who won election on the basis that if he won he would go to Korea and end the war. He went but did not achieve winning and the Armistice was signed in 1953. That war has never ended and now the enemy has missiles and atomic warheads and is threatening again.

Another president or two got us involved in Vietnam to defend the South Vietnamese from the North. Again, this was a "limited" war without the goal of unconditional surrender. The war was won but we did not have the courage to continue on to unconditional surrender while the enemy argued about the shape of the "negotiating" table in Paris and just waited. And another president decided to withdraw and turn the South over to the North. In Somalia, we withdrew and in Palestine, we withdrew. In Panama and Grenada we finished the job.

Another president got us into Iraq in defense of Kuwait. We did the job and achieved surrender but there were conditions. Another president expecting collateral damage bombed a country expecting to win and it was achieved. For various reasons, right or wrong, another president invaded Iraq. In error, it was thought we would be welcomed and to a degree we were, but then the various "religions" began to argue and fight, each following their own agenda rather than pulling together to preserve and protect their country from within and without. Some bordering countries have supported the infighting and have made it worse.

Well, there you have it, the "worms" are out. The question remains: What are we to do about it? This is not just Iraq. I believe we may be in the initial throws of World War Three. To accept anything short of success will be disastrous. I don't know if this president is right or wrong, only time will tell. I do believe we better win and accept nothing less.

Please note I have not named the presidents or what political party they were from. All of us have a part in where we stand today. A president rises above party with the responsibility to do what they believe is best for the country. War cannot be run by consensus. Right or wrong, a Commander in Chief must lead. We deserve his best and he deserves our support.

Donald H. Bartlett

Warmth and kindness

Dear Editor:

We extend a heartfelt thanks to the kind people of Pagosa who helped selflessly after the head-on collision that totaled our car. Robert Keaton, first on the scene, effectively took charge helping get things under control then making sure that no one else came around the curve and hit the disabled cars. Thanks to Jana Heckerman who opened her home to everyone at the accident scene and later drove us to Aztec as we had no car.

The EMTs were very caring, professional and comforting. Colorado State Patrolman Douglas Wiersma was patient, informative and professional. Thanks to Deputy Brandon Bishop who transported us to the Junction Restaurant where T.L. Lewis' staff treated us to breakfast, warm hospitality and made calls for us. The San Juan Motel graciously made calls for us. Deputy Jack White made a special trip to the cabin to check on us the day after the accident and took Charley to town for necessities. Dennis Eamick offered us his assistance and transportation. Thanks a million to Kermit Case who took us to stores, offered care, and came out to check on us regularly. We're overwhelmed and humbled by Pagosa's warmth and kindness. Thank you all.

Very truly yours,

Tom, Charley and Karl Kalm

Why hurry?

Dear Editor:

What's the hurry? Sale of the courthouse by the county appears to be on a fast track for a sole source procurement. According to the article on last week's front page, requests for proposals were sent out "in early October" and responses were due October 31. This is an extremely short period to allow any potential buyer to prepare a bid. Only an in-town buyer familiar with the community and the situation could respond in that length of time. Only one local buyer has these attributes as well as the resources to bid. This is a multi-million sale which deserves broad publication and the opportunity for competitive responses.

Commissioner Schiro is to be commended for not rushing into a divestiture of a major county asset without further consideration. Let's encourage the other commissioners to consider the necessity for competitive bids to maximize the return. Also, let's encourage the county staff to require that all bids include specific plans for the building or the site so that the town does not end up with yet another vacant lot.

Jim Lincoln

Editor's note: Articles printed in The SUN in recent weeks have detailed the town's move to ensure demolition of downtown structures is preceded by completion of a planning process. Since the courthouse is within town limits, the town council is ultimately responsible for setting conditions for the use of the property.

A warning

Dear Editor:

A warning to all the people who are driving on CR 500. You are driving in a danger zone! CR 500 is Trujillo Road, and the dump is located on this road. We, the residents who live and drive down this road every day, have a major problem. On Jan. 15, Timmy Martinez and his family were traveling down Trujillo Road when they met up with a trash truck. The truck was traveling down the middle of the road at a high rate of speed and the driver was talking on his cell phone. What happened next was a very close call. Their SUV hit the side of a bank, spun around and was heading backwards to a 25-foot embankment. If their vehicle would have rolled another foot, it would have rolled over and over. Only God knows what stopped them. Needless to say, the truck driver never even stopped to check on them. Three tow trucks and four hours later, the SUV was pulled off the side of the steep embankment. And what did the state patrol tell them? He said that since there was no direct contact that they could do nothing about it. So, in other words, they would have had to hit this truck head-on for something to be done. Now, for the rest of us driving down this road, I guess we just have to cross our fingers and hope for the best. The company that owns the truck isn't the only one we have problems with; the other local company is just as bad, if not worse. And so I ask, what exactly does the law enforcement of Archuleta County plan to do about this problem? And I know that this isn't the first they have heard about this issue.

Kristi Martinez

Good work

Dear Editor:

Archuleta County in general, and Road and Bridge in particular, should be commended on their performance this year in snow plowing. The timing and quality of their effort this year is the best I have seen in the 12 years I have lived here. The crews respond quickly and leave an inch or two on the gravel roads to protect the roadbed. This allows all types of cars to use the road but does not displace the gravel. I compliment Bob Campbell, Alan Zumwalt and the personnel of Road and Bridge for a job well done. Keep it up.

Bill Ralston

Pelosified

Dear Editor:

Dave Blake's BS, "Conclusions," in his SUN letter of Jan. 11, was an exceptional example of the liberal new Nanny's outlook in our Congress. Yes, I believe Blake has been Pelosified. He should have stayed with his initial gut feelings and endorsed W's plan - so sad.

Blake might want to give some rational thought to Winston Churchill's phrase about the gathering storm. "There was a storm gathering, but there were people in Europe who didn't believe it and who didn't take the periodic storm clouds and the squalls as a real threat. They thought they were transitory and, of course, paid an enormous penalty in treasure and life for their failure to understand the nature of that threat." I worry we are in a gathering storm and we do not, as a society, accept it. The penalty for being wrong can be enormous.

The truth is, we are currently being ordered to submit or die. There are those who are fighting to murder us all, and those who are fighting to save us; the left's response is to appease the former and destroy the latter. They simply reject the very notion that civilization is at risk. They airily dismiss three decades of Jihad against the West. They avert their eyes from the murderous record of embassy bombings, hijackings, kidnappings, rapes, beheadings, mass murder and terror attacks against Western targets worldwide. They ignore the vicious genocidal threats - written and video.

I got some big news fer ya, Mr. Blake: You'd be at the top of your form were you aware that Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is on a mission to become the next Adolph Hitler, is actively working to create a 1,000-year Islamic Reich, and is definitely planning to carry out his genocide program against Israel (and America), using nuclear weapons. When a world leader has openly called for genocide É our new Speaker of the House of Representatives had best believe him! The rampant "gathering storm" is global. It is virulent, and it is violent, and it is unappeasable.

However, Palooza Pelosi is much too blind to realize that knowing our enemy requires us to believe the evidence in front of her eyes. And all of us must understand, in our marrow, that defeating these Islamic terrorists will take every last measure of strength God has given us; and that, sir, ain't no BS.

Jim Sawicki

Arts Council

The Pagosa Springs Arts Council will hold an open house, 4-7 p.m. at the community center.

Learn more about the Arts Council, its mission and goals, what it hopes to accomplish in 2007 and beyond and the benefits of volunteering for this dynamic organization. Wine and light refreshments will be served.

Jan. 19

Benefit concert

Friends of Wolf Creek benefit with the Pagosa Hot Strings, 7 p.m. at 432 Pagosa St. in downtown Pagosa Springs. Bring your friends and family for fun, food, beer, bluegrass and goodies.

Tickets can be purchased at Summit Ski & Sport, Moonlight Books, and at the door for $10.

For more information, call 385-9833.

Jan. 20

Genealogy

Searching for your English roots? Learn techniques for researching one of England's most complete genealogical records for births, marriages and deaths: Civil Registration. The Archuleta County Genealogical Society is sponsoring a video showing of "The Genealogist's Research Guide for England and Wales - Civil Registration," at 11 a.m. Saturday, Jan. 20, in the Fellowship Hall of the United Methodist Church, 434 Lewis St. Refreshments will be served and the showing will be followed by a discussion and question-and-answer session. Call 731-5793 for more information.

Jan. 27

Percussion concert

Elation Center for the Arts presents Woodwork Percussion Ensemble, 7 p.m. at the Pagosa Lakes Clubhouse.

Woodwork is the brainchild of Dr. John Pennington, renowned percussionist and music professor at Fort Lewis College. Performing with Pennington are Philip Peters, Michael Pratt, Sean Statser, Chance Harrison and Grayson Andrews - students at the college who are preparing for careers as concert performers. Children's admission is free, adult tickets are $12 in advance and $15 at the door. Advance tickets available online at elationarts.org or at WolfTracks. Call 731-3117 for information.

Jan. 30

Film Society

The Film Society will meet at 7 p.m. to view and discuss the film "Never on Sunday." The location is Unit 15 of the Greenbriar Plaza - in the Unitarian Fellowship space. A suggested $3 donation benefits The Friends of the Library.

Feb. 4

Pagosa Singles

"Pagosa Singles will meet for dinner, 5 p.m. at Dogwood Cafe. All singles 40-plus are invited. R.S.V.P. at 731-1803.

Friends of Wolf Creek benefit concert tomorrow

By Ryan Demmy Bidwell

Special to The PREVIEW

Thanks to the generosity of the Pagosa Hot Strings and Jeff Greer of Summit Ski & Sport, there will be a Friends of Wolf Creek benefit concert in Pagosa Springs tomorrow, Jan. 19.

The concert, featuring the Pagosa Hot Strings, will take place 7:30-11 p.m. at 432 Pagosa St. and will feature music, food, beer and good times.

Tickets, for $10, are available at Summit Ski & Sports (264-2456), Moonlight Books (264-5666), or at the door.

Invite your friends, family and visitors to the area. We'll give a brief update on Friends of Wolf Creek efforts, and have a darn good time.

For more information, call Colorado Wild, 385-9833.

Community Choir rehearsals starting soon

By Matthew Lowell Brunson

Special to The PREVIEW

It's that time of the year again.

The Community Choir of Pagosa is gearing up to start rehearsals Feb. 6 for the spring concerts. Director Larry Elginer has selected a good cross section of music for the choir.

Anyone who has a love for music and can dedicate themselves to attend nearly every rehearsal from Feb. 6 to the concert is welcome to join the choir.

Rehearsals are held at the Community United Methodist Church located at 434 Lewis St. They are held every Tuesday starting promptly at 7 p.m. The rehearsal Feb. 6 will start at 6:30 to allow for registration. A one-time registration fee of $20 will be taken before singers are able to receive their music. The fee helps offset the cost of the music.

Seasoned members: If you have any music or folders at home, make sure you bring them to the first rehearsal so we will have enough folders. See you there.

ECA presents Woodwork Percussion Ensemble

By Paul Roberts

Special to The PREVIEW

Elation Center for the Arts proudly presents Dr. John Pennington - renowned percussionist and music professor at Fort Lewis College - and his Woodwork Percussion Ensemble, 7 p.m. Saturday, Jan. 27, at the Pagosa Lakes Clubhouse.

Woodwork is a professional ensemble that has performed many concerts and has released a beautifully produced CD. Performances by Woodwork are an auditory and visual treat. Some of the highlights will include lush arrangements of classical music, American ragtime and traditional music from around the world.

The ensemble's instrumentation includes marimbas, xylophones, glockenspiel, vibraphone, croatales and cajon.

As a special addition to this concert, Pennington will perform solo hand drum compositions on his extraordinary collection of ethnic percussion from various cultures: Egyptian riqq, Moroccan bendir, Middle Eastern tar, Irish bodhran and African mbira.

Performing with Pennington are some of the college's top music students: Philip Peters, Michael Pratt, Sean Statser, Chance Harrison and Grayson Andrews.

Pennington has been influential in building a greater appreciation for the fine art of percussion. "Percussion tends to be in the back of the orchestra or band," he said. "The Woodwork Ensemble shows the soloistic and expressive possibilities of these instruments." His energetic output of performances, recordings, original compositions, concert production, teaching, writing and whatever time he has left to be with his family, is simply amazing.

He contributes to the world of music as performer, recording artist, educator, conductor, composer and author. "I think of myself as a global musician, as someone who has embraced a myriad of styles," said Pennington. "At my core, I still feel I'm rooted in the classical and orchestral tradition but I certainly have a very strong jazz element and a very strong global music element as well." Besides teaching, he performs all over the world.

Woodwork is the fulfillment of his dream to perform and record with some of his most advanced students.

One of the draws of Fort Lewis is its fine music program that attracts students from all over the country. Like Woodwork member Sean Statser, a music performance major. Since coming to Fort Lewis in January of 2004, Statser has received numerous scholarships and awards for academics, music theory, performance, and literary composition. He was recently awarded the "Outstanding Soloist" award at the Reno Jazz Festival and he is a member of a national academic honor society. Statser plans to go to Sweden to study with vibraphonist and composer Anders Astrand and hopes to attend graduate school after he returns, focusing on jazz performance and composition. He is currently focusing on mallet percussion, under the instruction of Pennington, and has studied several styles of music including: Latin, Afro-Cuban, Japanese, and Indonesian, as well as both classical and contemporary styles of "Western" music. Statser said his true passion lies in jazz vibraphone and composition.

"It's essential to get students out of the practice room and out of the rehearsal hall, to become the musicians that they're destined to be," according to Pennington. "There's practicing and there's performing." His enthusiasm is immediately contagious. "This ensemble performs extensively to all types of audiences and we're very excited to play for your audience in Pagosa."

You are invited to the Pagosa Lakes Clubhouse on Jan. 27 when the Woodwork Percussion Ensemble explores the unique possibilities for percussion to create melody, harmony and rhythm. Advance discount tickets, for $12, are available through elationarts.org and at WolfTracks Coffee House. Tickets at the door are $15 for adults. Children with parents attend free.

Desserts and coffee will be provided at intermission. Please bring a dessert to share if you wish.

Pagosa Lakes Clubhouse is located at 230 Port Ave. in the Vista subdivision of Pagosa Lakes. Take U.S. 160 to Vista Boulevard, turn north on Vista and left on Port.

For more information, log on to elationarts.org or call 731-3117.

Elation Center for the Arts is a local nonprofit dedicated to preserving our cultural heritage.

Precept Upon Precept: A study of Deuteronomy

By Laura Manley

Special to The PREVIEW

Moses led the people of Israel faithfully for 40 years. They are now ready to enter the land of promise, and through Moses God tells His children how to live in that land. It is time for them to renew the covenant made at Mount Sinai, to promise to love God and to serve Him from the heart.

The message of Deuteronomy is about God and Israel's relationship to Him. Discover what God expects of believers and how we should live as His children in the world today. Hear His voice calling us to love and serve Him from our hearts.

This is the final study of the Torah, God's first five books of His scriptures, given to His people through Moses.

Jerri Anderson, of Grace Evangelical Free Church, will lead this study series. Join us for this eight-lesson series which begins at 9 a.m. Feb. 8 at Restoration Fellowship, 264 Village Drive. Cost of the study book is $15.

Contact the church office at 731-2937 no later than Jan. 29 to register.

January activities at Congregation Har Shalom

Following is the schedule of Congregation Har Shalom activities for January, in Durango.

- Friday, Jan. 12, 6 p.m. - Shabbat potluck at Pat and Mary Dworkin's home, 16 Long Hollow Lane. Call 259-9434 for more information.

- Tuesday, Jan. 16, 6:30 p.m. - Reading Circle Folk tales and Legends Night at Har Shalom.

- Thursday, Jan. 18, 7 p.m. - The Conscious Community Group at Har Shalom. For more information, contact Harold Shure at 3385-6793.

- Friday, Jan. 19, 7 p.m. - Torah study led by Harold Shure at Har Shalom. Call Harold at 385-6793 for details.

- Sunday, Jan. 21, 10 a.m. - Shalom Yeladim Religious School at Har Shalom. Contact Marla at 247-2992.

- Sunday, Jan. 21, 10:30 a.m. - Adult Hebrew class at har Shalom. Contact Harris Richard at (505) 326-2936 or hrichard@obii.netfor more information.

- Thursday, Jan. 25, 7 p.m. - Jewish Meditation and Conscious Community Group (CCG) at Har Shalom. For information about the meditation group, contact Judith Vanderryn at 247-3292 and for the CCG, contact Harold at 385-6793.

- Friday, Jan. 26, 6 p.m. - Shabbat on Weekend with SABABA begins with a potluck and very special musical Shabbat service with Robbi Sherwin and Scott Leder at Har Shalom.

- Saturday, Jan. 27, 7 p.m. - SABABA Concert. You don't want to miss, with opening songs by St. Mark's Choir.

- Sunday, Jan. 28, 10 a.m. - Energetic Songfest for Kids. Enjoy great music and singing with Steve Brodsky, Robbi Sherwin and Scott Leder. Bagel lunch and schmooze to follow.

UU topic, 'Metaphysics and the Subconscious Mind'

On Sunday, Jan. 21, the topic for The Pagosah Unitarian Universalist Fellowship service will be "Metaphysics and the Subconscious Mind."

Lindsay Morgan, a certified clinical hypnotherapist, will be the speaker.

Morgan will present a series of talks about the nature of the subconscious mind and its relationship to time, space and causality. The first talk , "Metaphysics and the Subconscious Mind," on Sunday, Jan. 21, will focus on altered mind states, universal consciousness and access to past life recollection. The second talk will discuss "Life Between Lives" and the third talk will cover "Exploration of the Future Self."

The service and children's program begin at 10:30 a.m. in the Pagosah Unitarian Universalist Fellowship Hall, Unit B-15, Greenbriar Plaza. Turn east on Greenbrier Drive off of North Pagosa Boulevard by the fire station, then left into the parking lot and look for the big sign. All are welcome.

Winter driving tips from the Colorado State Patrol

By Trooper Dawn L. Berry

Colorado State Patrol

Special to the SUN

Driving on Colorado's highways during the warm weather can be a pleasant experience, whether driving in the mountains, in the metro area, or on the plains.

But as most of us know, when the snow flies, especially like it has lately, this pleasant experience can become frustrating and even hazardous. As winter weather continues to envelop the state, the Colorado State Patrol would like to remind you about some safe driving tips.

By doing a few things now, you can save yourself a big headache later. We suggest the following tips to be prepared and stay safe while driving this winter.

Driver's checklist

- Get your vehicle ready for winter driving by checking your battery, belts, fluids (including antifreeze and windshield wash), wipers, brakes, exhaust, oil, heating system, and lights.

- Make sure you have a good set of tires on your vehicle. Colorado law requires that every tire on a vehicle has tread that is at least 1/16 of an inch thick. Make sure all of the vehicle's tires are the same make, size, and model, and that they are properly inflated.

- Remove all the snow and ice from your vehicle's windows, mirrors, and lights to improve visibility. Use your defrost feature to eliminate fog on inside windows before driving.

- Always keep the gas tank at least half full.

- Check weather and travel conditions, especially if you are going on a long-distance trip. Conditions might be great where you are, but worsen as you travel. Let someone know about your travel plans, your planned route, and carry a cell phone. Be sure to visit Cotrip.org for information about statewide weather and road conditions, road closures, and other helpful information. You can also call (877) 315-7623 for road conditions within Colorado but outside the Denver metro area. If the weather is severe, or could become severe, don't take chances; stay home and travel when conditions improve.

- Carry items with you such as extra clothing, blankets, a first aid kid, drinking water, nonperishable food, a standard tool kit, tire chains, jumper cables, ice scraper, shovel, matches and candles, and a flashlight; a fully charged cell phone is also essential when you are traveling in winter.

On the road

- Drive with your headlights on and slow down; speed is one of the most common reasons for crashes in wintry conditions.

- Allow plenty of space between you and the vehicle in front of you. It takes longer for a vehicle to stop on snow and ice, so leave more space than you would if you were on a dry road.

- Look far ahead when you are driving, and watch out for "black ice" which can be found on bridges and shaded areas.

- If stranded, try to move your vehicle as far off the roadway as possible. Remain calm and stay in your vehicle with your hazards flashing and call for help, or wait for help to arrive. Turn your engine on occasionally for heat, and don't forget to avoid exhaust fumes.

- Always wear your seat belt and don't drink and drive.

- Consider taking an advanced driver training course to improve your cold-weather driving skills.

- Call *CSP for assistance.

The Colorado State Patrol wishes you a safe and enjoyable winter season.

Apply now for conservation district grants

The San Juan Conservation District announces a new program, "Conservation Helping Hand."

Are you interested in implementing a conservation practice on your property, but need help with the cost? The district will be awarding grants to pay for 50 percent of your project, up to $3,500.

Conservation practices to promote the use of planned grazing systems, more efficient irrigation systems, improved riparian area conditions, and rangeland/woodland productivity and plant diversity that will benefit both livestock and wildlife will be considered.

Stop by the district office for an application. Staff will accept applications until March 30.

Applications will be reviewed by the elected board members and prioritized based on the targeted resource concern, environmental benefits and cost of implementation. Winners will be notified by April 9. All projects must be completed by Sept. 1, 2007.

Technical assistance will be provided by the NRCS and all approved projects must meet NRCS Standards and Specifications.

Stop by the office at 505A CR 600 (Piedra Road) to pick up an application or call 731-3615 for more information.

Ski Day and Après Ski Party to benefit United Way

By Stacia Kemp

Special to The SUN

Take out delicious home-made hearty soup, fresh bread and enough tasty dessert for a party of four while helping United Way's Archuleta County campaign on Wednesday, Jan. 24.

This après ski (or après work) event is part of the Party 'Round Pagosa benefit series and is hosted by the Archuleta County United Way Advisory Committee.

Takeout meals must be reserved in advance with a $25 donation to United Way-Archuleta County. Meals will be available for pick up from 3:30 to 5:30 p.m., following United Way Ski Day at Wolf Creek Ski Area. Full-day lift tickets will be sold for $34 that day, with $11 of each ticket sold going to United Way.

Proceeds from United Way Ski Day and the Après Ski Party will help Archuleta County's United Way campaign to raise money for 15 organizations that care for the people of Archuleta County.

For more information or to reserve a takeout meal, call Stacia Kemp, 264-3230, by 5 p.m. Monday, Jan. 22.

By Charles Streetman

PREVIEW Columnist

No column this week.

No column this week.

Parties, dances, classes on center calendar

By Mercy Korsgren

PREVIEW Columnist

Saturday is the Chamber of Commerce annual meeting and dinner here at the center.

Purchase your ticket in advance and save.

The evening is full of activities and fun, one gets to vote for three new board members, and the Volunteer of the Year and Citizen of the Year awards will be announced.

The theme of the event is western with yummy food and the High Rollers from Durango providing music for dancing. This event is not to be missed!

If you have questions, call the Chamber at 264-2360.

Beaded jewelry

Treva Wheeless, a local talented artisan, is ready to start this new program. Thank you, Treva, for sharing your time and talent.

There will be an orientation 10 a.m.-noon Thursday, Feb. 22. At this meeting, those interested will have an opportunity to discuss their specific interests, the tools needed and what is involved in beading jewelry.

A series of three classes will start March 1 and continue March 8 and 15. Treva also does rubber stamping and card making - she's very talented.

Call the center, 264-4152 to sign up for this class.

Volunteers dinner

By this time, all our volunteers should have received an invitation to this important event. The community center is hosting a volunteers' appreciation dinner and dance 6-9 p.m. Saturday, Jan. 27, for all the volunteers who have helped during the past year.

This is our way of saying ,"Thanks, we would not have survived the year without your volunteer time and talents." Eddie B Cooking will cater the chicken dinner and Bobby Hart will be our DJ. The center will also provide drinks and dessert. Please RSVP by Monday, Jan. 22, to help us prepare for this evening. It's time to party!

Pre-Valentine's Day dance

Yes, this is our next fund-raising event - 7-11 p.m. Saturday, Feb. 10. We are happy to have Tim Sullivan and the Narrow Gauge Band back by popular demand, to provide music. As usual, we will have yummy, sumptuous hors d'oeuvres (more than just snacks) and a cash bar will be provided. Siri, our volunteer dance chairperson is finalizing plans for this annual event with the help of our decorating guru, Pam Stokes.

Baton twirling class

Karla Dominguez is back with this fun, challenging activity. Elementary school-age children are invited to join this class at the center every Monday after school from 3:30-4:30 p.m. The first lesson is free and continuing lessons are $3 per lesson. Also, a discounted monthly rate is available. Bring your own balanced baton or purchase new ones for $18; Karla will have them available at the class. Join and get ready to perform during the St. Patrick's Day parade.

Line dancing

Couples line dancing resumed last Monday. The group is getting ready for the Pre-Valentine's dance where they'll exhibit the fruits of their fun-filled labor. It is great to watch both men and women enjoying this program. Instructors - Gerry, Peggy and Beverly - welcome all beginners and the more experienced as well. Gerry will break you into basic steps while Peggy and Beverly have new and exciting dances for all abilities. If you are a beginning couple and would like a private preview to see if this is for you, call Gerry at 731-9734. This is a community center-sponsored program, so there is no charge other than a big smile.

Couples dancing is at 9 a.m. and you learn very basic, simple steps in two-step and waltz. If you can walk, you can do this. Class members have fun, laugh a lot and even learn a little. There is no pressure and no money involved - just some new friends. The fellows are pampered, because they deserve it.

Line dancing begins at 10, and requires no partner. You start with basic, easy moves and gradually increase difficulty until 11:30. All beginners and experienced are welcome. You'll get good exercise and lots of smiles. Fellows pampered here also.

The group is starting a new season in both couples and line dancing. It is a good time to try this out.

Yoga

Which type is right for you?

Yoga - which combines deep breathing, movement and postures - can help reduce anxiety, slow breathing, lower blood pressure and help your heart work more efficiently. Yoga can be as vigorous or gentle as you choose, so almost anyone can do it.

Different styles appeal to different people.

- Hatha yoga combines deep breathing with slow stretches and movement through a series of poses. Try this if you're looking for a gentle form of yoga.

- Ashtanga yoga, also called "power yoga," is a fast-paced style designed to build flexibility, strength and stamina. Try this if you're looking for an aerobic, athletic form of yoga.

- Bikram yoga, also know as hot yoga, is practiced in rooms that can be heated to more than 100 F. This is for those who are already fit, and looking for a new challenge.

- Kundalini yoga combines poses and breathing techniques with chanting and meditation. This helps fulfill spiritual needs.

- Iyengar yoga emphasizes mental clarity and precision in doing yoga postures. It uses benches, ropes, mats, blocks and chairs. Try this if you're looking for a variety in a yoga workout.

- Svaroopa yoga uses postures that focus on the spine and hips. This type of yoga is for stress relief.

Some types of yoga may not be a safe option for you if you have lower back pain, arthritis, osteoporosis or other health conditions. Ask your doctor before starting a yoga program.

Diana Baird and Addie Greer lead this active group which meets every Tuesday from 10 to 11:30 a.m. Bring a towel or mat if you decide to join this program. It's free and everyone is welcome.

Computer class

Classes will be postponed until further notice. Watch this column for updated news.

On a positive note, we would like to thank Richard Irland for donating a new computer system. This unit should be available to the public soon.

Weight Watchers

Be responsible for your own health. Join this group of determined individuals and see the results. It is amazing to see people really lose weight. The group meets here at the center every Wednesday from 4:45 to 6:45 p.m.

Open gym

Every Tuesday and Thursday morning from 8 to 9 a.m. the Hoopsters meet for an hour of "exercise basketball." Call Larry Page, 264-1096 or just show up for a session. This is another free program offered by the center. It's a fun way to exercise and meet new friends. Larry, who leads the group, invites everyone to join. This activity is open to all, including those who go to work. Remember that the center has shower and locker facilities that anyone can use. So, there should be no excuses.

Another open gym is held every Friday from noon to 1:15. Dan Aupperle is the contact person for this activity. Call Dan at the downtown Citizens Bank if you're interested in this fun game.

Center hours

The community center is open Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.; Saturday, 10 to 4. Call 264-4152.

Activities this week

Today - Hoopsters Basketball for Exercise, 8-9 a.m.; Beginners 1 Watercolor Class with Denny and Ginnie, 9 a.m.-4 p.m.; Teen Center open, 3:30-6:30 p.m.; Arts Council open house, 4-7 p.m.; Chimney Rock meeting, 6-8 p.m.; Trinity Anglican Church bible study, 6:30-8:30 p.m.

Jan. 19 - Beginners 1 Watercolor Class, 9 a.m.-4 p.m.; Senior Walk, 11:15-11:35 a.m.; open basketball, noon-1:15 p.m.; Bridge-4-Fun, 12:30-4 p.m.; Teen Center open, 3:30-6:30 p.m.; Pierced Passion Ministry seminar, 7-10 p.m.;

Jan. 20 - Pierced Passion Ministry seminar, 9 a.m.-1 p.m. and 6 p.m.-10 p.m.; Chamber of Commerce annual meeting and dance, 6-11 p.m.; Chimney Rock evaluation meeting, 10 a.m.-2 p.m.;

Jan. 21 - Grace Evangelical Free Church and Church of Christ services, 10 a.m.-noon; High Roads Baptist Church service, 6-8 p.m.; Fairfield Activities meeting, 6 p.m.-8 p.m.;

Jan. 22 - Line Dancing, 9-11:30 a.m.; Beginners II Watercolor Class, 9 a.m.-4 p.m.; Senior Walk, 11:15-11:35 a.m.; Bridge-4-Fun, 12:30-4:30 p.m.; baton twirling class, 3:30-5:45 p.m.; youth basketball, 5:30-8:30 p.m.;

Jan. 23 - Hoopsters Basketball for Exercise, 8-9 a.m.; real estate appraiser orientation, 9-11 a.m.; Beginners II Watercolor Class, 9 a.m.-4 p.m.; yoga, 10-11:30 a.m.; county commissioners' meeting, 10-11:30 a.m.; Beginning Computing, 10 a.m.-noon; Senior Walk, 11:15-11:35 a.m.; Teen Center open, 3:30-6:30 p.m.; youth basketball, 5:30-8:30 p.m.;

Jan. 24 - Beginners II Watercolor Class, 9 a.m.- 4 p.m.; Beginning Computing for Seniors, 10 a.m.-noon; Senior Walk, 11:15-11:35 a.m.; seniors' Aikido, 1-2 p.m.; Teen Center open, 3:30-6:30 p.m.; Weight Watchers, 4:45-6:45 p.m.; youth basketball, 5:30-8:30 p.m.;

Jan. 25 - Hoopsters Basketball for Exercise, 8-9 a.m.; Beginners 2 Watercolor Class, 9 a.m.-4 p.m.; Teen Center open, 3:30-6:30 p.m.; youth basketball, 5:30-8:30 p.m.; Trinity Anglican Church bible study, 6:30-8:30 p.m.

Calories: Know your numbers

By Jeni Wiskofske

SUN Columnist

Of all the diet plans out there to lose weight, they all come down to one thing: the calorie.

Whether it's calories from protein or carbohydrates or chocolate, at the end of the day it is the number of calories you take in and those you burn off that make a difference in terms of weight loss, weight gain or weight maintenance. Calories in, calories out is the key. But not all calories are treated equal, so you still want to make healthy choices.'

The energy you get from food is measured using calories. Your body requires this energy source to keep you functioning. Energy from calories fuels your every action, much as gasoline powers your car. The main food energy sources are carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The amount of energy in each varies: Proteins and carbohydrates have about 4 calories per gram, and fats have about 9 calories per gram. Alcohol also has calories, about 7 calories per gram. Regardless of where they come from, calories you eat are either converted to energy or, if they're not used as energy, they're stored in your body as fat. Unless you use these stored calories &endash; either by eating less so that your body must draw on reserves for energy or by increasing physical activity so that you burn more calories - this fat remains stored within your body.

Understanding your body's energy requirements can guide your nutritional choices. A number of Web calculators can help you determine your daily caloric needs, as well as determine how many calories you are burning through daily activity. Your caloric needs are based on your age, weight, gender and level of physical activity. But be careful. Not all calculators are from reliable sources or use appropriate scientific formulas. A nutritionist or personal trainer can get you the most accurate calculation.

There are 3,500 calories in one pound of fat. To lose one pound, you need to burn 3,500 calories. So, if each day you cut 250 calories from your typical diet and burn off 250 calories through exercise (a total of 500 calories a day), you can lose approximately one pound a week. Cutting calories does not have to be difficult. It might be as simple as forgoing one extra item a day, swapping foods or trimming serving sizes. The number of calories you save is likely to translate into pounds lost. And remember, any physical activity burns calories!

Ten weight-loss myths

Madelyn Fernstrom, nutritionist and director of the weight management center at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, reviews some popular myths that sabotage our good intentions.

Myth 1: You don't have to count calories.

Definitely not true. According to Fernstrom, people tend to overestimate their physical activity and underestimate their calories. Don't rely on eyeballing your caloric intake. Instead, every day write down what you eat, the calories and your physical activity. To make it easier to estimate your physical activity, wear a step counter.

Myth 2: Always eat breakfast.

This does not mean that you have to pack in a huge meal right after you get up in the morning. But you should eat at least a couple of hours after you start your day. This structures your day and prevents you from being so hungry when you do eat that you overeat.

Myth 3: Eat three times a day - don't snack.

You can eat three times a day or six times a day, as long as you have the same caloric intake.

Myth 4: Carbohydrates make you fat.

Carbohydrates are necessary for a balanced diet. Carbohydrates don't make you fat - calories make you fat. It is often the sugar and fat hidden in refined carbohydrates (desserts, baked goods) that cause you to gain weight. Eat whole, unrefined carbohydrates (100 percent wheat breads and pastas) loaded with fiber. Just be careful what you put on them.

Myth 5: Avoid fats.

Fat is twice as fattening as carbohydrates and proteins, but you don't want to avoid them. Studies show that fat gives you a sense of fullness and adds flavor to foods. Eliminating fats from food may increase your hunger. Additionally, fats are required for certain metabolic functions that could be jeopardized.

Myth 6: Cut out desserts.

Don't deprive yourself. Deprivation is the downfall of all diets. Portion control is the key.

Myth 7: Don't worry about dieting - just exercise.

Exercise alone is not enough. It does not burn enough calories. The most successful approach is cutting calories nutritionally and exercising.

Myth 8: Don't weigh yourself.

Get on the scale! You need to keep yourself in check, so weigh yourself at least once a week.